The White Tiger: A Novel by Aravind Adiga
Free Press New York Paperback 288 pages
Reviewed by Mahadev Desai
Chennai born author Aravind Adiga’s debut novel has been awarded
the prestigious 2008 Man Booker Prize for Fiction. 34 year old
Adiga is the second youngest author ever to win the Prize and
also the fourth India- born author
to win the Award after Sir Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, and Kiran Desai. The novel was
sold instantly in sixteen countries. It has garnered profuse
praise from the literary critics and readers alike.
“Unlike almost any other Indian novel you might have read in
recent years, this page-turner offers a completely
bald,angry,unadorned portrait of the country as seen from the
bottom of the heap…even more impressive is the nitty-gritty of
Indian life that Adiga unearths: the corruption, the class
system, the sheer petty viciousness.” writes Andrew Holgate, in
The Sunday Times(London), while the Indian Express comments,” An
intelligent and ruthless portrait of the India in the
making-shining or rising, but always sinking-shot through with
wit and black humor that match the author’s economy with words.”
USA Today’s reviewer has this to say, “Aravind Adiga’s The White
Tiger is one of the most powerful books I’ve read in decades…But
Tiger isn’t about race or caste in India. It’s about the vast
economic inequality between the poor and the wealthy elite.
…This is an amazing and angry novel about injustice and power.”
The first person narrator Balram Halwai is an uneducated son of
an impoverished rickshaw- puller in a village in Bihar.
Impressed by his ability to read and write the school inspector
names him White Tiger (an exceptional student). To help the
family pay off the debts, he drops out from school and joins his
brother to work in a tea shop. The owners of tea shops are known
to exploit illiterate child labor. Balram soon gets fed up being
just one of the human spiders, smashing coals, wiping floors and
tables with dirty rags and serving rude customers. He is street
smart, patient and observant. Above all, as he says, “I am not
an original thinker, but I am an original listener’. He quits
working in the tea house and with a little financial help from
his granny learns to drive and moves to Delhi. He is hired as a
chauffer by Stork (his village’s wealthy but corrupt
businessman), who has two sons, Mukesh and Ashok (who has
returned from U.S.with his Christian wife Pinky madam).
Initially, like many chauffeurs he not only drives the car but
also does odd jobs like sweeping the courtyard. Cooking,
shopping, washing and drying two Pomerian dogs, and massaging
his master’s legs. He lives in squalor with other servants in
the basement of his master’s palatial building. Slowly he picks
up tricks of the trade. While driving, he listens to and
observes his employers bribing ministers for tax concessions,
boozing hard liquor, visiting prostitutes and indulging in other
shady practices. He learns that in the city there are only two
castes-men with big bellies and men with small bellies. He too
dreams of enjoying life of the rich and growing a big belly. He
makes money on the side-siphoning gas, taking a cut from
mechanics, using his master’s car as a taxi, and re-selling his
master’s empty whiskey bottles. But that is not enough for him,
so he murders Ashok, and escapes to Bangalore with a huge pot of
cash. He ends up as a successful entrepreneur, nursing a dream
of opening a school which would turn out many white tigers like
him.
This fast moving novel takes the form of seven letters addressed
by Balram to the Chinese Premier on the eve of his state visit
to India, wherein he narrates his riveting story of his escape
from rural darkness to the city of light where he becomes a
successful entrepreneur. Adiga is a brilliant storyteller with
uncommon talent. He has a sharp eye for detail and captures the
sights, sounds and smells of both rural and urban landscapes. He
reveals that under the hype about India being a rising
superpower with a rising middle class, there is a large number
still living in shadows, in utter poverty and neglect. State has
failed this poor majority in education, healthcare and law and
order. Poor cooks, cleaners, drivers, nannies, are all trapped
in a ‘rooster coop’. They can’t breathe and yet they don’t
escape. Family values, ties, identity and concern for the safety
of their families prevent them from stealing, disloyalty or
committing other crimes against their superiors or the system.
Adiga also rails against sham elections, corrupt politicians and
police, pollution in cities and other ills Despite all this,
Balram teaches us that religion doesn’t create virtue-and money
doesn’t solve every problem-but decency can still be found in a
corrupt world and you can get what you want out of life if you
eavesdrop on the right conversations. His voice is utterly
amoral, irreverent, deeply endearing and altogether
unforgettable.
Adiga’s exquisitely crafted novel is crackling, witty, angry and
with blistering suspense. It is highly entertaining as well as
thought provoking. It has a Reading Group Guide and Author Q&A
.The novel is definitely a must read.
Aravind Adiga was born in Madras (now Chennai), India in 1974
and raised partly in Sydney, Australia. He attended Columbia and
Oxford Universities. A former correspondent for Time magazine,
he has also been published in the Financial Times. He lives in
Mumbai, India.
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