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Mantra
I
guess for most of us, the mechanism of mantra remains shrouded
in mystery.
We never care or bother to investigate why repetition and
incantation of certain letters has been given tremendous
importance in Indian philosophy. From birth to the death, a lot
many of our activities and ceremonies that we observe and
celebrate are incomplete with out a priest reciting some
mantras.
So what is so great about repetition and incantation of
certain letters?
Here are a few stereotype definitions of mantras.
- Mantra signifies the mystical sound.
- By knowing mantra nothing else remains to be known.
- Mantra represents the Supreme Reality.
- Mantra is capable of accomplishing all desires.
- Mantra is the Brahman
And of course, not forgetting our bollywood definition which
reduces mantra to bhoot-pret, ghost, jadoo-tona and witchcraft.
These definitions ( and depictions ) are either too mystical or
too abstract to make any sense.
Why repetition and
incantation of certain letters is given such importance in
Indian philosophy?
Every single school of Indian philosophy has held mantra in very
high esteem.
So why repetition and incantation of certain
letters has been given such tremendous significance?
Letters
& Words
Since Mantra
has so much to do with letters and words - let us begin our
story with this word :
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This word literally
means MATTER |
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PADARTHA |
This is a
Sanskrit word that literally means matter. We know what matter is.
There is this computer, the furniture in my study, the mug and
the coffee, the walls of the room, the MP3 playing Lata, the
window - and outside a car passing by, a tree standing in the
quietness, the grass, the road – this is all MATTER, the
objects.. Padartha. What ever we see around us, even the distant
galaxies, are all matter or objects. Padartha.
Let us
further investigate the word ‘Padartha’.
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This literally means
‘Word’ |
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Pada |
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This literally means
‘The Meaning’ |
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Artha |
This brings
us to something very interesting, which is :
Matter = Words + Meaning
This is what the word Padartha seems to be suggesting!!!!
That Matter
= Words + Meaning
All matter being merely an expression of word + meaning.
Matter is made up of words+meaning.
Exercise : Why
matter after all is words+meaning.
Take this
tree outside your window. Watch it carefully. What do you see?
Green, brown, thick, tall....
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Exercise
Try seeing a tree with out help of language |
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You see a tree and immediately the words ‘tall', 'green',
'thick', brown' etc starts formulating in your mind with
their associated meaning (artha). Have you ever tried seeing a
tree , or for that matter anything, with out the aid of
language? Try it. Can you see a tree with out the aid of
language?
You cant.
You see an object and immediately language starts
kicking in your mind.
In a way, we really cant think with out
language.
The moment we see an object and the language starts
formulating in our mind. You cant see a tree with out language!
Such is the need and necessity of the language that Indian
philosophy describes the material world as
(Naam +Roopatmak). This word literally means Names + Forms.
You attribute a name ( through help of language) to an object
and the associated Roopa (form) is established in the mind.
You cant see a tree with out the language.
You cant see matter
with out language.
Matter being as word + meaning still sounds
unconvincing, leaves too many unanswered questions, Sounds too
weird and far fetched. We have known and proved in lab that
matter is reducible to all those fundamental particles, and we
have known the entire physics associated with it, and we have
countless experiments. And we have a whole technology to support
that. And then what about our faculties of touch, smell, taste?
And what about a blind person or a deaf person?
We will come to all this in a moment. But let us first
further investigate what a word is.
Word as Alphabets, Alphabet as pattern of sound
All words are sequence of sound.
Simple.
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Exercise |
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Watch yourself talking to some
one. Watch keenly and you would notice all you are
doing is producing a sequence of sound from your
mouth to which meanings have been attributed to make
the conversation meaningful. |
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Stand before a mirror . Speak out something loudly. Watch the
movements of your lips. See movement of your lips
producing a pattern of sound. To this sequence of sound you have
attributed some meaning (artha). Such is the mysticism of
language!
When we speak a word we actually produce a sound (dhvani). There
is a movement of lips, tongue and the vocal cord.
But according to Indian philosophy, the very of act of thinking
itself is fired by mechanism of sound ( dhvani).
Now stand before a mirror again.
Think something. Just think, don't speak
out.
There is no movement of your lips. However, the very act of
thinking, the very movements of thoughts produces subtle
mechanism of sound ( dhvani). To this sound your mind
attributes some meaning through the mechanism of words+meaning
and the thought starts making sense to you.
Each alphabet of Sanskrit language represents a particular
pattern of dhvani (sound). Actually the emphasis is more on
dhavni but we are so used to seeing word as a written alphabet
we miss the dhvani part. The entire table of
Sanskrit alphabets is table of dhvanis ie patterns of sound.
A Dream
So coming
back to matter being as word + meaning still sounds
unconvincing, leaves too many unanswered questions To
answer doubts, confusion, objections, protests,
Indian philosophy resorts to one of the most common and favorite
analogies - that is of a DREAM.
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So here is a dream.. |
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An
average dream, but here are some questions we should be
curious about.
I was merely sleeping all the time, my eyes closed and
senses withdrawn.
So how this tree with all its colors, shape and size was
constructed?
I didn’t drink the coffee, but it ‘smelled’ good and the
‘taste’ was so real.
I could ‘feel’ the keys on my lousy keyboard.
There was no MP3 player, but I still ‘heard’ Lata
singing. I even ‘felt’ enchanting.
There was a car moving, so where was this movement
happening? Where was this ‘road- the space’ being created? It
all appeared so real!!
With out the presence of external objects mind is
capable of creating the sense of touch, feel, smell etc.. And it
does so with such craftsmanship that not for a single moment
the dream experience appears phony and unreal to the
dreamer.
Not only the objects even the processes (kriya) such
as walking, running, talking - are all created in a dream
though the dreamer is just snoring away on the bed or
the office chair.
Questions
So where is the space-time being created?
Where and how are the objects and processes being created?
These questions are very important and you wake up you
have to make a real serious inquiry into these questions.
Where has all this happened? The feelings, touch, smell,
hearing, movement, space, time? These questions are very
important.
Obviously the entire dream happened ‘inside’.
In a way the dreamer is
withdrawn, deaf, dumb, blind. Notwithstanding, the
experience is so real even the body reacts to the dream
experience.
According to Indian philosophy the constant interplay of words+meaning
( reducible to patterns of sound) is responsible for
creating the entire experience. Therefore at the base,
it is the mechanism of sound that produces the
experience with out the help of any external objects. In
fact, Indian philosophy boldly and unanimously declares and
asserts that sound ( dhvani) is at the base of
experience of all material existence and phenomenon. What
ever you see around, what ever you do around (kriya) is
experienced due to mechanism of sound (dhvani).
Now, this is a very radical statement and need to be
scrutinized carefully, especially when we wake up from a
dream and see things around us and get involved in the
process of leaving for office.
So what happens when
you wake up and leave for office?
You might want to give a
benefit of doubt to the assertion that while dreaming there could be an
agency inside you which creates a very realistic experience with out the
help of outside objects. This simply means that this agency is capable of
creating the sensation of touch though there is no palpable object to touch.
and so on.
You might be flexible enough to consider this as mechanism of sound (dhvani).
But what about when you wake up from the dream and leave for the office?
Let us say you leave your Duluth home to go to Alpharetta office everyday.
Now, how can this possibly all be reduced to mechanism of sound? The road,
the-getting-up, the car, the bad Atlanta traffic, a pretty face on the next lane, an
impatient driver, the same gas stations, the urge to jump a red
light.........how can all these objects and activities and feelings be
possibly reduced to mechanism of sound ??
It can be .
According to Indian
philosophy, when you 'wake-up', you actually move into another dream state
called jagaran (wakeful-dream stage). Your waking-up is nothing but a movement into another dream state!
From one
dream stage to another! You are still dreaming !
And since you are still in a dream-like state the mechanism of
sound is still capable of creating all kind of experiences for you, which of
course appears, feels, tastes so real just as it happens in a typical dream.
To sum it up : The mind whether awake or dreaming moves through the
illusion.
From
your Duluth home to Alpharetta office, a lot many things are repeated
EVERYDAY. Same roads, same experience of a bad traffic, the potholes in the
same place, the BP gas station and so on....
Now, consider this :
If you start seeing all this in your dream EVERYDAY what will happen?
Think about like when you return from office and when you go to bed you
start seeing the same daily routine EVERYDAY....
Think what will happen?
You will not be able to distinguish between 'morning reality' and the
dream.
Got it? The dream and the wake-up boundaries would merge.
What you do everyday from morning to the time you go to bed - if you
start dreaming this same stuff when asleep, soon you would
become incapable of distinguishing where dream ends and where morning
routine starts.
Dream changes everyday.
The morning office going reality has a certain static pattern.
You distinguish both the stages with mutual reference.
If mutual reference vanishes you would be in trouble!
The dream experience may
be
different from your day to day
experience, but both are dream stages anyway!
The mechanism of sound which was producing a realistic experience of an
external world when you were asleep is still at play when you wake up.
The same mechanism is still at play, only it has become all the more
difficult to convince you that you are still in a dream stage.
Let us quickly recap:
According to Indian philosophy the subject is more important than the
object.
The tree as an object is not important : important is why at all you see a
tree as a tree and HOW?
There is no reality of an object apart from the subject.
The subject ie YOU create the object , apart from the subject the object has
no existence at all.
And HOW you create the tree? Obviously through mechanism of Sound (
dhvani).
According to the science of mantra -
your mind needs only one and only one condition to weave a world
of virtual reality around you using mechanism of sound , and that condition is you should
be sleeping.
In stage of coma or when you are unconscious , the mind is happy
to see you sleeping and thus capable of creating a virtual reality.
When you are sleeping the mind is happy to see you sleeping
and thus capable of creating a virtual reality.
And when you wake up mind is STILL happy to see you
sleeping and thus capable of creating a virtual reality.
At the base of this staggering phenomenon is the interplay of
sound, which on a gross level converts into language, words,
meaning etc. This is how mechanism of sound itself evolves.
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Stages of Sound (Dhvani) : From subtle to gross
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Para
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Pashyanti
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Madhyama
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Vaikhari
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Extremely subtle stage of sound
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Is less subtle. Interestingly Pashyanti literally
means ‘one that is seen’ so the sound at this stage
is seen by the Yogi!
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Sound becoming gross here
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Total gross form appearing as word (Varna)
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Object vanishes at this stage.No tree |
Pashyanti means 'to see' hence the tree is 'SEEN'
and not 'interpreted' at this stage . |
Tree seen through language |
Tree seen, interpreted, defined through language |
Madhyama
and
Vaikhari are not very important for Indian
philosophy. Because at this level of perception the tree could
be tall, thick, green and brown. It could to conform to
all those bio-physical principles ( chlorophyll, electron,
proton etc.) which we read and experiment in college. But
tomorrow, when the universe is recreated, the light of speed may
vary and the physics would be different and so would be
chemistry and who knows biology would exist at all or not in
that universe so tree could be anything. Each time
the universe is recreated the physics changes and so does the
tree. The gross form of tree can take any shape - it could be
square with its roots up in the skies if the universe is created
out of Lord Shiva ( different physics) and not Brahma as
suggested by Sage Vashitha.
Madhyama
and
Vaikhari are very very relative and each time
universe is recreated the tree could be anything -- and since
the universe keeps creating and recreating and with each new
recreation the physics changes and so does the tree this is the
reason why Einstein or Stephen Hawkins are not given much
importance in purest of Indian thought. Because they talk about
a limited physics of
Madhyama
and
Vaikhari
which is only true for the current universe.
The Absolute principle that DOESN'T CHANGES and is
applicable across various incarnations of the universe is in
Pashyanti and Para and at the base of that
principle is Sound!
Each time the universe is recreated the tree can take any shape,
it can even float !
But at the base of this realization ( for YOU) is the mechanism
of sound and ALWAYS sound ( dhvani) which with the
help of Maya ( phenomenon of illusion) can create any kind of
tree for you.
Therefore for Indian philosophy the intellectuals who know about
this universal physics of
Pashyanti and Para are more near and
dear than the one who talk about
Madhyama
and
Vaikhari.
Such is the importance of sound in Indian philosophy that every
meditative inquiry into the nature of universe, existence,
object, matter and the life has used sound as a powerful
technique. Thus we have :
Shabda Brahman, Akshar Purusha, Nada Brahman. Bhakti
poetry is full of words such as Shabda or Sabad. And in
Yoga you have branches such as Japa Yoga, Ajapa Yoga, Mantra
Yoga, Laya Yoga, Nada Yoga, Shabda Yoga, Swara Yoga. All
these words (Shabda, Akshar, Sabad, Japa, Ajapa, Laya, Nada,
Swara) have a literal meaning related to Dhvani (Sound) or
Shabda (Word)
If you are into meditation , any kind of meditation, you cant
possibly escape the use of mantra ( sound).
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Why you find a bell at the
entrance of any temple in India?
Because you will never be able to 'truly enter
and understand' the kingdom of God if you have not understood the
phenomenon of sound!!
and BTW, the 'sound of bell' is what you hear
when you meditate to unravel the mysteries of creation. |
OM or the AUM : The fundamental 'particle' of sound
( We are not
talking about phenomenon of sound as interpreted by modern physics. )
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Objectivity has no scope in Indian Philosophy. It is
a figment of mind. |
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Because you create and weave a phantom world around
you thus the object exists like things of virtual
reality. Apart from you material world has no objective,
independent existence. |
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Scientific inquiry into the nature of
object (electron, proton etc..) is like you experiencing
a bank robbery in your dream and in the morning
getting up to call 911 and inform them about it.
Moral : Indian philosophy doesn't take material world
activities too seriously but has no problem if you take
it seriously. |
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The world of phantom objects can take any shape, any
logic, any science depending on the basic big bang of
creation. Big bang principle could be Brahma or
Vishnu or Mahesh or something else. |
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Irrespective of what kind of physics is driving and
defining the material world, at the core it is ALWAYS
the mechanism of sound ( dhvani) which is responsible
for creating the experience of the material world
for YOU ( in your consciousness). |
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This is the only and the only reason Indian
philosophy is more concerned with interplay of sound in
your consciousness and cares less about the science of
material world. Because when one 'dies' and is 'reborn'
into the realm of a different universe, the material
world ( of that universe) could take any shape, size,
hue, color and physics. Electron, proton - may or may
not exist in that realm, whatever that realm be -- the
experience will always always be constructed by the
phenomenon of sound in the consciousness. This fact will
NOT change.
Such is the importance of sound in Indian
philosophy!!
And at the base of the phenomenon of sound
( we are not talking about
phenomenon of sound as interpreted by modern physics)
is the
primordial sound called AUM or the OM.
AUM or the OM is the fundamental sound, the root, the core.
The whole phenomenon of sound originates and dissolves in
OM.
OM is the fundamental sound from
which all other patterns of sound originate.
Juts like a seed from which a tree sprouts.
OM is the seed, from OM sprouts the entire tree of sound
patterns capable of weaving the mechanism of
shabda and artha.
OM can never be pronounced.
The way we pronounce OM in this universe, or for
that matter would pronounce in any other universe is the
closest approximation to the original, primordial sound
of OM. And the irony is the so called closest
approximation is actually highly distant, a far
cry from the original primordial sound.
OM is always EXPERIENCED in meditation. Cant be
pronounced. Cant be taught. Impossible.
OM is the fundamental thing, the seed. If you have gone
up to OM , you have a handle to how this whole
phenomenon of existence take its shape from. In a way
now you know EVERYTHING . Seen in this light the
following will make sense to you.
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If you strive to understand the logical
importance of OM per Mantra, so many abstract
and vague definitions of OM will start falling
in place and make sense for you. |
And going up to Om is far easier than you thought!
All that is required is a passionate inquiry into the
nature of "I". Who am I. A passionate inquiry, and not a
casual one. And the practical start with as a simple
exercise as being attentive to your breath!
Listen to the sound of your breath
The sound your breath produces or is capable of
producing has great significance in mantra science - or
for that matter in any school of Indian philosophy.
Listen to this sound! This is important.
Your natural breathing process produces 4 kinds of
sound. It doesn't matter whether you are Hindu, Muslim,
Christian, scholar, illiterate, criminal, communist,
capitalist, whatever. We are concerned with 2 of the 4.
So what are those 2? You are producing those sounds all
the time - naturally. But you don't pay attention.
Like when you run, do heavy exercise, get agitated or
indulge in sex - these sound patterns get more
pronounced. You can record them. Play back and listen
carefully.
Those 2 sounds are -Aa and Ha.
Your breath is producing these 2 sound all the time.
When you inhale you produce sound Aa and when you exhale
you produce sound Ha.
| Exercise |
| Like we said - when you run, do heavy
exercise, get agitated or indulge in sex , the
sound gets more pronounced. So when you are
gasping for breath try speaking out an alphabet
aloud , such as try speaking Z or B or T or L
etc - you will find it all conflicts with your
breathing process. When you are gasping for
breath , you will note that your natural
breathing process produces the sound
Aa and ha. Pause, take
some time and get convinced for yourself. |
So what is so important about these two sound Aa and
Ha??
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(Aa) First alphabet of Sanskrit. |
(Ha) Last alphabet of Sanskrit |
( Aa) is the
first alphabet in Sanskrit and
is the last
alphabet.
And look how these
two alphabets (first and the last ) come together to form this meaningful word-
Aham - which
means "I".
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Kailash Khandelwal
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